El Hospital Vicente Corral Moscoso cumple un rol importante en la prevención, diagnóstico y tratamiento de tuberculosis (TB). Durante el año 2022, a nivel de la zona 6 de salud (Azuay, Cañar y Morona Santiago) se diagnosticaron 220 casos, de los cuales 84 casos de tuberculosis pulmonar y extrapulmonar se diagnosticaron en esta casa de salud, que representa el 38,18%. Esta patología afecta principalmente a los pulmones, pero puede estar en el sistema nervioso central, linfático, osteoarticular, etc.

Este 24 de marzo, al conmemorar el Día Mundial de la Tuberculosis, el hospital informa que, en el tema de la prevención, realiza dos acciones fundamentales: Aplicación de la vacuna BCG durante las primeras 24 horas de vida a los niños recién nacidos en esta casa de salud, y la captación de casos de pacientes sintomáticos respiratorios (aquel que presenta tos y expectoración por más de 15 días).

Para el diagnóstico de la enfermedad, el laboratorio clínico cuenta con el área de tuberculosis. Se procesan muestras provenientes del propio hospital y de las unidades de la zona 6, a través de: baciloscopía PCR GeneXpert (examen molecular que permite un diagnóstico rápido) y los cultivos en medio líquido y sólido.

“A todo paciente diagnosticado de VIH / Sida se realiza la prueba de tamizaje para TB por ser considerada como una enfermedad oportunista. En la actualidad, el Ministerio de Salud Pública, a través del Programa Nacional de Tuberculosis, amplió el tamizaje para los pacientes con enfermedades crónicas, como por ejemplo, la diabetes”, indicó Lida Zamora, responsable de Vigilancia Epidemiológica del Hospital Vicente Corral.

Cuando al paciente hospitalizado es diagnosticado de TB, el tratamiento se inicia en esta casa de salud y se refiere al primer nivel de atención para su seguimiento y control, y si es detectado en consulta externa el tratamiento iniciará en el primer nivel. Se maneja la estrategia DOT (Tratamiento Directamente Observado), el paciente debe acudir al centro de salud para la toma de los medicamentos y en caso de no poder hacerlo por su inmovilidad, el personal de atención primaria acude al domicilio.

La tuberculosis es una de las pocas enfermedades prevenible, tratable y curable.

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